![]() Īrchaeologists, while excavating a Byzantine church of around 400 CE in Banyas, discovered in the walls of the church an altar of the god Pan with a Greek inscription, dating back to the 2nd or 3rd century CE. ![]() In the 4th century BC Pan was depicted on the coinage of Pantikapaion. The only exceptions are the Temple of Pan on the Neda River gorge in the southwestern Peloponnese – the ruins of which survive to this day – and the Temple of Pan at Apollonopolis Magna in ancient Egypt. These are often referred to as the Cave of Pan. īeing a rustic god, Pan was not worshipped in temples or other built edifices, but in natural settings, usually caves or grottoes such as the one on the north slope of the Acropolis of Athens. Arcadian hunters used to scourge the statue of the god if they had been disappointed in the chase. Arcadia was a district of mountain people, culturally separated from other Greeks. The worship of Pan began in Arcadia which was always the principal seat of his worship. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess, perhaps Rhea or Cybele Pindar refers to maidens worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poet's house in Boeotia. In his earliest appearance in literature, Pindar's Pythian Ode iii. Brown, the name Pan is probably a cognate with the Greek word ὀπάων "companion". The familiar form of the name Pan is contracted from earlier Πάων, derived from the root * peh₂- (guard, watch over). The connection between Pan and Pushan, both of whom are associated with goats, was first identified in 1924 by the German scholar Hermann Collitz. The Rigvedic psychopomp god Pushan (from PIE zero grade *Ph₂usōn) is believed to be a cognate of Pan. Many modern scholars consider Pan to be derived from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European god *Péh₂usōn, whom they believe to have been an important pastoral deity ( *Péh₂usōn shares an origin with the modern English word "pasture"). Ancient Roman fresco of Pan and Hermaphroditus from the House of Dioscuri in Pompeii, now in the National Archaeological Museum, Naples Origins In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement. In Roman religion and myth, Pan's counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna he was also closely associated with Sylvanus, due to their similar relationships with woodlands. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, wooded glens, and often affiliated with sex because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pan ( / p æ n/ Ancient Greek: Πάν, romanized: Pán) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, rustic music and impromptus, and companion of the nymphs.
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